Anaconda Distribution 和 Miniconda的选择
– 如果不确定安装哪个包的话，建议直接安装Anaconda Distribution版本：Anaconda Distribution包含了250多个标准数据科学和机器学习的包，初学者可以给予已经提供的包快速上手开发。
– 习惯于图形界面，对命令行不熟悉： 建议直接安装Anaconda Distribution版本，Anaconda Distribution版本包含了Anaconda Navigator，它是conda的一个桌面应用，基于此应用，你可以通过图形化的界面创建环境（environment），安装包，加载类似Jupyter Notebooks和Spyder等开发应用。
– 如果不确定将来使用哪些包，或者不想下载一个700M的文件：建议安装Miniconda，它是conda的一个最小化安装，包含了必须要的conda，python和几个必须要的包。
– 如果只使用命令行，不需要图形化界面：Anaconda Distribution和Miniconda任选一个都行，两个都包含了conda、python，支持命令行，支持环境管理（environment manager）。
Linux下安装Anaconda Distribution
– Anaconda Navigator依赖QT，安装Anaconda Distribution之前确保已安装QT相关依赖，不同架构系统可参考：https://docs.anaconda.com/free/anaconda/install/linux/
– 不同架构，对应的安装包不同，最新的版本可以在Anaconda仓库查询，并下载相应的安装包：repo.anaconda.com/archive/
– 修改安装包为可读写模式：chmod 755 Anaconda3-*.sh
– 执行安装：bash Anaconda3-*.sh
– 按照提示完成安装过程；
– 通过如下命令配置是否在启动时激活base环境
# The base environment is activated by default
conda config --set auto_activate_base True
# The base environment is not activated by default
conda config --set auto_activate_base False
# The above commands only work if conda init has been run first
# conda init is available in conda versions 4.6.12 and later
Linux下安装Miniconda
– 不同python版本对应的Miniconda地址如下：https://docs.anaconda.com/free/miniconda/miniconda-other-installer-links/
– 下载对应版本的Miniconda，使用命令bash filename安装；
– 使用conda list查询已安装的包；
使用conda创建环境
– 通过命令conda create -n envname创建环境，样例如下：
zhangzhijun@ZhangZhijun-MacBook ~ % conda create -n pytorchBeginner
Channels:
-defaults
Platform: osx-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environmentlocation:/usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/envs/pytorchBeginner
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate pytorchBeginner
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
– 激活环境
conda activate pytorchBeginner
FAQ
Q1：环境激活失败
zhangzhijun@ZhangZhijun-MacBook ~ % conda activate pytorchBeginner
CondaError: Run 'conda init' before 'conda activate'
zhangzhijun@ZhangZhijun-MacBook ~ % conda init
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/condabin/conda
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/bin/conda
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/bin/conda-env
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/bin/activate
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/bin/deactivate
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change /usr/local/Caskroom/miniconda/base/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
no change /Users/zhangzhijun/.bash_profile
No action taken.
zhangzhijun@ZhangZhijun-MacBook ~ % conda activate pytorchBeginner
CondaError: Run 'conda init' before 'conda activate'
关闭终端重新打开仍然无效，可执行如下命令：
zhangzhijun@ZhangZhijun-MacBook~%source~/.bash_profile
zhangzhijun@ZhangZhijun-MacBook ~ % conda activate pytorchBeginner
(pytorchBeginner) zhangzhijun@ZhangZhijun-MacBook ~ %
参考资料：
[1] conda 官网：https://docs.anaconda.com/free/
